Having to write a short essay on the war in and against Ukraine, I was inevitably reminded of my
own experiences and perceptions of the wars that ravaged the post-Yugoslav countries in the 90-
ties. I was in my 20ties with no direct experience and perhaps little knowledge as to how the
European democracies worked, and, more specifically, how the EU worked.
Even though Yugoslavia was, to a great extent, a socialist country that was open to the West,
virtually a liberal country in the 80's, I found myself, entering adulthood, with an utter naiveté as
to what the democratic West represented. Slowly, I began to learn that this «promised land» –
Western Europe, or simply – Europe, to which we thought we belonged quite spontaneously as
we are indeed in the middle of Europe, the continent – is duplicitous and unjust. After almost a
decade of Yugoslav wars, I also came to the realization that it was shamelessly (post-
)imperialist. I observed it controlling the planet, alongside the only world superpower, i.e., the
US. I saw it literally running and ruthlessly exploiting the so-called «global village», through
wars, invasions it selectively declared necessary operations of «democratization».
My country has been left at the doorsteps of the EU for decades, in spite of the positive
recommendation of the Badinter Arbitration Committee, established to advise the EU as to
which republics of former Yugoslavia should be recognized as independent and, consequently,
fast-tracked into the EU. Slovenia and (then, simply) Macedonia both received positive
recommendations [1]. However, Macedonia remains at the EU's doorstep to this day. For
decades the country's name has remained unrecognized on UN and EU level (until changed into
North Macedonia in 2018). Its identity is disputed to this day, and all of this is spearheaded by
presumably the beacons of democracy on this planet, the EU (in conjunction with the US) – it is
certainly not initiated by the entire EU, but rather by the EU neighboring countries. Nonetheless,
the EU as such has remained complicit with the undemocratic negation of the identity of a
nascent sovereign nation and its right to exist as an independent country. On top of it all, a word
we considered shameless, namely «capitalism», and hoped for an improvement of the socialist
ideal through its democratization and Europeanization, became the norm – that is what our so-
called transition explicitly came down to. Thus its rhetoric seemed ruthless and primitive
compared to the socialist discourse (in spite of its hypocrisy and authoritarianism) I was used to.
Thus, I witness Ukraine's situation from the position of these prior experiences.
Ukraine has been left alone to confront Russia, let down by the West which almost cynically
responds with some sort of activism styled measures: lighting its landmark buildings in the
colors of the Ukrainian flag, organizing charities, offering to receive refugees en masse even
though the reality of the emigrees looks far bleaker than what those commitments keep painting
as the image of what is going on. Some arms have been exported here and there. But is that what
Ukraine really needs to win this war? Zelensky has responded with mixed feelings toward the
Western non-response to the destruction. His ambivalent rhetoric has been ranging from
commitments to European values and the ideal of the EU (materialized in submitting an EU
membership application) to frustration that his country has been let down by that very same
West.
What did Zelensky receive after all his pleas for intervention? A cover in the Vogue magazine
[2]. Now, what do Ukraine or Zelensky expect? A proper NATO intervention, it seems. After
ravaging the planet with all sorts of interventions seeking to «bring democracy» to different
corners of the world, suddenly the West decides to be non-interventionist. Sure, they are
avoiding a WWIII, or, at least, that is what they used to say. Now they do even mention this
argument anymore, it is presumed that Ukraine is on its own. The war is starting to look ever
more unreal, ever more a mediated reality (through mass media), and it brings us one more time
to the 90-ies and the discussions of Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation in that era and, in
particular, in relation to the wars in dissolving Yugoslavia.
I am reminded even more directly to Baudrillard's essay collection The Gulf War Did Not Take
Place (1991). Ukraine is left alone with the messy and unorderly Real of destruction, death, grief
in their unrepresentable materiality. The rest of the world, on the other hand, deals with the
mediated images of the presumed reality of Ukraine's destruction, rendering the horror and thus
true solidarization less real and less relatable. The cynical coverage of the Vogue, rendering a
war and its leaders stylish, glossy, and a war a «cool thing», a fetishized product, a precious
commodity of sorts, is the type of a tasteless seal that the de-realization of Ukraine's suffering,
carried out by the international media and the discourse of Western leaders, represents. It carries
its badge of honor of an EU candidate country, which is another empty gesture – North
Macedonia has been a candidate since 2005, and it began its negotiations only this year.
In conclusion, the horror of the events of Ukraine remains de-realized, just as it was for
Yugoslavia and Iraq in the 90-ies. The state of exception may remain permanent or will last for
decades, just like in Afghanistan. Public numbness of interest will continue to grow. Ukraine's
fate is one of tragedy. The rest of us, those who state to be in solidarity with Ukraine, can help
only through participation in grief as unmediated reality, acceptance of the ambivalence of the
situation and refusal to allow international mainstream media shape the reality – and thus
execute the simultaneous gesture of its erasure too – of the ravaged country and the suffering
nation.
Примітки
1. Allain Pellet, «The Opinions of the Badinter Arbitration Committee: A Second Breath for the
Self-Determination of Peoples». European Journal of International Law (1992), 3 (1): 178–185.
2. Rachel Donadio and Annie Leibovitz, «Portrait of Bravery: Ukraine's First Lady, Olena
Zelenska», Vogue (July 26th, 2022), available at Z
https://www.vogue.com/article/portrait-of- bravery-ukraines-first-lady-olena-zelenska, accessed on 14 August 2022.